1 00:00:00,050 --> 00:00:03,839 So my name is David. I'm a researcher here at the University of California, Berkeley. 2 00:00:03,839 --> 00:00:07,658 I've been asked by others to help improve a piece of software for people like you, who are journalists. 3 00:00:09,329 --> 00:00:12,343 I'm not one of the ones who wrote this software, so you don't have to worry about offending me. 4 00:00:13,462 --> 00:00:15,589 We're trying to make this software as usable as possible. 5 00:00:16,146 --> 00:00:20,146 So, in particular, we want your help in identifying any parts that are difficult or confusing to use. 6 00:00:21,056 --> 00:00:21,611 OK. 7 00:00:23,088 --> 00:00:26,132 So what we're going to do is ask you to perform what's called a "cognitive walkthrough", 8 00:00:26,949 --> 00:00:32,801 so as you step through these tasks, I want you to speak out loud, and explain what you're doing, 9 00:00:33,834 --> 00:00:35,776 so if you see something that's unclear, you should say out loud what it is. 10 00:00:36,465 --> 00:00:36,865 OK. 11 00:00:37,415 --> 00:00:39,814 Before you do something, you should say what you expect to happen, when that happens. 12 00:00:40,329 --> 00:00:44,520 And if something is surprising, you say, "This is surprising, what I expected was this, and what happened was this." 13 00:00:45,667 --> 00:00:46,067 OK. 14 00:00:47,015 --> 00:00:50,432 I'm going to try to interfere as little as possible. 15 00:00:50,731 --> 00:00:52,006 I'll be here just to observe. 16 00:00:52,563 --> 00:00:57,040 I'll be able to ask some questions, but mainly I want you to work through things 17 00:00:57,484 --> 00:00:59,402 as you would if you were on your own trying to use this software. 18 00:01:00,155 --> 00:01:04,164 So in particular, don't wait for my feedback to move on with the tasks. 19 00:01:07,290 --> 00:01:11,243 Now I'm going to give you a short example of a cognitive walkthrough, using unrelated piece of software, 20 00:01:12,164 --> 00:01:14,194 just to show you the kind of interaction that we're looking for. 21 00:01:17,191 --> 00:01:18,736 So I'm going to begin, 22 00:01:19,346 --> 00:01:21,075 and say that my task is to 23 00:01:21,718 --> 00:01:25,784 open up a painting program and draw a red hexagon. 24 00:01:27,668 --> 00:01:30,064 So, I'm looking at the desktop here, 25 00:01:30,629 --> 00:01:33,313 I'm not sure how to find a painting program, 26 00:01:33,796 --> 00:01:37,009 so here I'm demonstrating what I'm thinking as I go through this process. 27 00:01:38,319 --> 00:01:43,933 So, I think I would start with this, 28 00:01:44,216 --> 00:01:45,856 magnifying glass usually means search, 29 00:01:46,269 --> 00:01:47,534 so I click on the magnifying glass, 30 00:01:48,162 --> 00:01:51,019 and see if we can find something that does a painting program. 31 00:01:54,621 --> 00:01:56,924 And "Paintbrush" seems pretty good so I'll try that. 32 00:02:00,152 --> 00:02:03,311 All right, this is, I think what I'm looking for. 33 00:02:04,066 --> 00:02:08,250 Now it's asking me for the size of the image, it looks like. 34 00:02:09,389 --> 00:02:11,820 And, it kind of surprises me that I have to choose this in the beginning and I wonder if I could change this later if I needed to. 35 00:02:13,729 --> 00:02:15,955 It's not exactly sure, so I don't know what to do, I'm just going to hit enter. 36 00:02:18,526 --> 00:02:21,152 And now the window got a little bit bigger and I don't really know what that means, 37 00:02:22,032 --> 00:02:23,745 I'm guessing it sized to the size I just put in there. 38 00:02:25,289 --> 00:02:27,282 So if I want to draw a hexagon, 39 00:02:28,379 --> 00:02:30,355 first it has to be red, so 40 00:02:30,912 --> 00:02:32,734 this looks to me like it will change the color. 41 00:02:33,810 --> 00:02:38,762 And, I guess "Maraschino" counts as red? 42 00:02:39,764 --> 00:02:40,441 I don't know if there's really a red. 43 00:02:41,316 --> 00:02:42,356 That, that's probably close enough. 44 00:02:42,944 --> 00:02:43,995 We'll try that. 45 00:02:44,860 --> 00:02:48,193 And, to draw a shape, 46 00:02:48,804 --> 00:02:51,189 okay, that looks like I can draw. Now I wonder if I can undo that. 47 00:02:52,867 --> 00:02:54,716 If I was going to undo something, probably "Edit", 48 00:02:56,204 --> 00:02:58,290 "Undo drawing", this looks like it works. 49 00:02:58,711 --> 00:02:59,110 OK, good. 50 00:03:00,429 --> 00:03:02,594 Now I'm checking to see if I can have a hexagon. 51 00:03:03,707 --> 00:03:04,813 This looks like a square. 52 00:03:05,865 --> 00:03:07,983 There's tooltips I see that's telling me what each button is going to do. 53 00:03:08,846 --> 00:03:10,219 But I don't have one that draws a hexagon. 54 00:03:11,253 --> 00:03:13,780 So, I wonder if I can do it with the line tool. 55 00:03:14,560 --> 00:03:15,265 Let's try the line tool. 56 00:03:16,723 --> 00:03:18,657 Click, and click again. 57 00:03:19,939 --> 00:03:21,026 And that did not do what I wanted. 58 00:03:21,448 --> 00:03:24,854 I wanted it to draw a line between those two points, and it didn't do it. 59 00:03:26,133 --> 00:03:27,977 So I'm going to undo, 60 00:03:28,413 --> 00:03:29,110 and this time I'm going to try dragging. 61 00:03:29,939 --> 00:03:31,331 OK, and that looks like it's what I want. 62 00:03:34,312 --> 00:03:37,004 All right, this is pretty easy. I know it's not going to be a great hexagon, 63 00:03:38,451 --> 00:03:40,139 but I think it's the best I can do. 64 00:03:43,199 --> 00:03:46,609 And now I've used paint programs before where the paint bucket means to fill it in. 65 00:03:47,193 --> 00:03:49,479 So I'm going to try that, and that worked. 66 00:03:50,079 --> 00:03:50,479 Beautiful. 67 00:03:50,955 --> 00:03:53,902 Right. So this is what I'm hoping to have you do is, as you go through each step, 68 00:03:54,582 --> 00:03:57,638 some of it might be unfamiliar, and some of it is, may not be easy to be use. 69 00:03:58,256 --> 00:04:03,436 But just talk, explain what you're thinking about as best you can. 70 00:04:05,888 --> 00:04:06,442 All right, so, 71 00:04:07,325 --> 00:04:08,519 we'll put this... 72 00:04:09,050 --> 00:04:10,013 Uh, "Don't save". 73 00:04:11,653 --> 00:04:12,080 All right. 74 00:04:12,700 --> 00:04:14,562 Now I have a list of the tasks that you'll be doing. 75 00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:17,740 Over the next 45 minutes or so. 76 00:04:18,774 --> 00:04:23,122 It's going to be downloading a piece of software and then doing some simple tasks with it. 77 00:04:27,216 --> 00:04:31,911 And I'll be here to give you some guidance but I'm going to try as much as possible to let you discover how to do things yourself. 78 00:04:32,884 --> 00:04:33,894 Do you have any questions before we get started? 79 00:04:40,214 --> 00:04:41,543 No. 80 00:04:44,612 --> 00:04:49,197 OK, great, so go ahead and start doing this in, however you would normally do this, if you were doing this at home. 81 00:04:50,105 --> 00:04:51,959 OK, and like, say what I'm doing? 82 00:04:52,434 --> 00:04:53,093 Sure. Yeah, yeah. Right. 83 00:04:53,661 --> 00:04:58,730 OK. I'm going to use Chrome, because that's what I use at home. 84 00:04:59,771 --> 00:05:03,574 I'm just going to open it up, and I'm going to 85 00:05:08,435 --> 00:05:10,863 type in "download tor" because that's what I'm supposed to do. 86 00:05:15,221 --> 00:05:19,559 And I'm going to click on the first one, because, 87 00:05:20,153 --> 00:05:22,026 at the top, which is "Download Tor", 88 00:05:23,338 --> 00:05:27,608 and I'm on Apple, so I'm going to click on this, 89 00:05:28,826 --> 00:05:31,458 and then I'm going to click "Download Tor Browser", 90 00:05:32,625 --> 00:05:36,437 because it looks like I should click there, because it is purple. 91 00:05:37,884 --> 00:05:39,158 No, not because it's purple, but... 92 00:05:39,872 --> 00:05:40,937 OK. [Laughter.] 93 00:05:41,745 --> 00:05:43,074 What makes you, what makes it look like you should click on it? 94 00:05:44,300 --> 00:05:46,968 Because it has that little cloud with the arrow. 95 00:05:49,160 --> 00:05:51,343 and you can't click anywhere else to download. 96 00:05:53,908 --> 00:05:55,500 And now I'm waiting for it to download. 97 00:05:56,427 --> 00:05:57,334 OK. 98 00:06:01,464 --> 00:06:05,963 And we'll let this go, but as it's going, explain the experience that you just did. 99 00:06:06,562 --> 00:06:11,107 Is this, work the way you expected it to, to do the search and then arrive at this page? 100 00:06:12,329 --> 00:06:13,151 Yes. 101 00:06:47,581 --> 00:06:49,978 Am I supposed to comment on anything, while it's downloading? 102 00:06:50,673 --> 00:06:54,531 Just, yeah if there's anything that comes out to you, or if there's anything on the screen that you notice. 103 00:06:57,565 --> 00:07:01,151 I notice it has a warning thing that says "Want Tor to really work?" 104 00:07:02,048 --> 00:07:05,485 "You need to change some of your habits, as some things won't work exactly as you are used to. 105 00:07:05,990 --> 00:07:07,646 Please read the full list of warnings." 106 00:07:08,360 --> 00:07:12,297 I'm sort of tempted to read the full list of warnings. 107 00:07:14,050 --> 00:07:16,137 Am I, am I not supposed to, or can I...? 108 00:07:16,690 --> 00:07:19,600 Yeah, if this is what you would normally do when you see that, then yeah, go ahead and do it. 109 00:07:20,461 --> 00:07:21,694 OK. I'm going to click on it. 110 00:07:22,857 --> 00:07:25,565 But this is a lot of text and I don't really want to read it all. 111 00:07:26,593 --> 00:07:28,740 "Use the Tor Browser", "Don't torrent over Tor", 112 00:07:29,262 --> 00:07:31,500 "Don't enable or install browser plugins", 113 00:07:31,976 --> 00:07:34,925 "Use HT—", blah blah, I don't know what that actually means, 114 00:07:35,303 --> 00:07:39,463 "HTTPS versions of...", oh, you actually type in the "https". 115 00:07:40,535 --> 00:07:44,274 "Don't open documents downloaded through Tor while online." 116 00:07:46,673 --> 00:07:49,968 "Don't open documents downloaded through Tor..." 117 00:07:50,427 --> 00:07:51,494 That doesn't make sense to me. 118 00:07:52,742 --> 00:07:57,716 But I'll just pay attention because it's in capitals and it's like they're yelling at me 119 00:07:58,389 --> 00:07:59,596 so I'll just not do it, that. 120 00:08:00,880 --> 00:08:03,141 "Use bridges and/or find company." 121 00:08:05,014 --> 00:08:05,880 OK. 122 00:08:06,348 --> 00:08:08,389 OK. Now I'm going to go back. Oh, I don't have to go back. 123 00:08:09,019 --> 00:08:09,790 Just, here. 124 00:08:10,307 --> 00:08:10,862 OK. 125 00:08:11,211 --> 00:08:15,329 And now, by the time I do that, it's downloaded. So now I'm going to click on it, because 126 00:08:16,545 --> 00:08:17,752 that's what I would usually do, 127 00:08:18,795 --> 00:08:23,478 and it says "Opening Tor Browser...", "Finishing..." 128 00:08:24,386 --> 00:08:26,192 "Tor Browser", so I'm going to put it... 129 00:08:26,644 --> 00:08:28,581 I'm going to click the thing and put it in the thing. 130 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:29,946 [Laughter.] 131 00:08:30,351 --> 00:08:32,899 Click the Tor Browser and put it in the Applications. 132 00:08:35,922 --> 00:08:39,951 OK. "'Copying "TorBrowser app" to "Applications"...'" 133 00:08:44,433 --> 00:08:48,575 OK. Now it's like next to my Chess, or something. 134 00:08:50,445 --> 00:08:54,615 I don't know if it's there, yeah, I'm going to do this, so it's easier to see. 135 00:08:56,706 --> 00:09:00,062 OK. And now I have it here in the Applications. 136 00:09:01,972 --> 00:09:05,982 So I downloaded it, it's installed, I think. 137 00:09:06,809 --> 00:09:10,913 And "Configure Tor". I don't actually know what that means, but I'm going to click on it. 138 00:09:11,678 --> 00:09:12,522 Sure. 139 00:09:28,375 --> 00:09:32,350 "'TorBrowser' can't be opened because the identity of the developer cannot be confirmed. 140 00:09:33,018 --> 00:09:38,885 Your security preference allow installation of only apps from the Mac App Store and identified developers." 141 00:09:40,191 --> 00:09:43,592 OK, I guess I'm going to click, 142 00:09:44,923 --> 00:09:48,182 I'm going to click the question mark because I don't actually know what they're talking about. 143 00:09:58,619 --> 00:10:00,778 "The app has been modified...", blah blah blah. 144 00:10:01,596 --> 00:10:02,629 "The original..." 145 00:10:03,075 --> 00:10:08,726 OK so I have to go to Apple menu, "System Preferences", click "Security & Privacy", then click "Privacy". 146 00:10:09,639 --> 00:10:12,833 Oh, this is annoying. I would maybe normally stop now. 147 00:10:13,523 --> 00:10:14,307 OK. 148 00:10:14,767 --> 00:10:16,225 [Laughter.] But... 149 00:10:16,881 --> 00:10:18,967 That's good, you're doing a good job explaining motivations. 150 00:10:19,793 --> 00:10:22,995 So, this is a lot to read and I have to go do a bunch of other stuff in order to do it. 151 00:10:24,149 --> 00:10:27,932 So, now I'm annoyed, but, because it says what I have to do, then I'm going to try to do it. 152 00:10:28,725 --> 00:10:31,171 "Apple menu", "System Preferences"... 153 00:10:33,316 --> 00:10:36,096 Ah, I can't see my window. 154 00:10:38,822 --> 00:10:43,638 OK. "Apple menu", "System Preferences", "Security..." 155 00:10:46,304 --> 00:10:48,846 Oh, here. "Security & Privacy". 156 00:10:50,549 --> 00:10:52,972 Then click "Privacy". 157 00:10:54,008 --> 00:10:57,721 "Open the General pane of Security & Privacy preferences". 158 00:10:58,395 --> 00:11:00,977 Oh, I could have just clicked there and done it. That's annoying too. 159 00:11:02,018 --> 00:11:05,365 I guess I should read everything before I start clicking things. 160 00:11:14,865 --> 00:11:19,831 OK now I am confused because I don't know if I'm supposed to click over here and they're just going to... 161 00:11:20,337 --> 00:11:22,885 Oh. OK. So... 162 00:11:24,081 --> 00:11:27,092 Oh. OK. Now "Allow apps downloaded from anywhere". 163 00:11:27,645 --> 00:11:30,225 Oh that's not that difficult, except, 164 00:11:30,691 --> 00:11:32,076 I'm clicking on it and it's not doing anything. 165 00:11:32,816 --> 00:11:35,082 Oh, I have to click over here maybe. 166 00:11:37,005 --> 00:11:37,711 Is that OK that I'm just... 167 00:11:38,210 --> 00:11:38,684 Oh, yeah... 168 00:11:39,245 --> 00:11:44,428 OK. So I'm going to say over here, "OK" and then I'm going to see, oh, "Open Anyway". 169 00:11:46,394 --> 00:11:48,563 Oh OK, so I'm going to say "Open Anyway". 170 00:11:57,052 --> 00:12:00,414 "Tor Browser is an application downloaded from the Internet..." Yeah blah blah. OK "Open". 171 00:12:01,767 --> 00:12:05,631 I just didn't really want to read it all. But I know what it means, I think. 172 00:12:06,239 --> 00:12:07,072 Right. 173 00:12:09,876 --> 00:12:13,181 OK. "Which of the following best describes your situation?" 174 00:12:14,229 --> 00:12:18,176 "I would like to connect directly to the Tor network. This will work in most situations." 175 00:12:18,849 --> 00:12:23,249 "This computer's Internet connection is censored or proxied. I need to configure bridge or proxy settings." 176 00:12:24,010 --> 00:12:27,231 I don't really know. 177 00:12:31,328 --> 00:12:34,527 "Before you connect to the Tor network, you need to provide information about this computer's Internet connection." 178 00:12:35,750 --> 00:12:39,544 What? I don't know what is happening, so I'm just going to choose the first one. 179 00:12:40,081 --> 00:12:41,490 Oh wait no, I'm supposed to configure it. 180 00:12:41,903 --> 00:12:42,945 I'm supposed to configure Tor. 181 00:12:43,543 --> 00:12:47,610 OK, so I'm going to click "Configure", but I don't know what that... 182 00:12:48,653 --> 00:12:51,587 "Does this computer need to use a proxy to access the Internet?" 183 00:12:53,279 --> 00:12:57,767 "If you are not sure how to answer, look at the Internet settings in another browser to see whether it is configured to use a proxy." 184 00:12:59,336 --> 00:13:00,695 Oh, I don't even know what they're talking about now. 185 00:13:01,243 --> 00:13:08,695 OK, so "If you are not sure how to answer this question, look at the Internet settings—OK—the Internet settings, 186 00:13:10,004 --> 00:13:11,577 in another browser". 187 00:13:14,639 --> 00:13:17,053 OK, I think I have to go to my settings. 188 00:13:17,745 --> 00:13:20,278 I don't actually know what I'm doing, but I'm going to go to my settings. 189 00:13:31,061 --> 00:13:33,613 "Whether it is configured to use a proxy", OK. 190 00:13:42,172 --> 00:13:43,166 I'm looking for the Internet settings... 191 00:13:48,109 --> 00:13:52,410 OK, now I'm feeling dumb because I don't see the Internet settings. 192 00:13:53,330 --> 00:13:54,331 Oh, "Network", is that what it is? 193 00:13:57,678 --> 00:14:01,169 OK. Not that. 194 00:14:02,799 --> 00:14:05,365 I'm looking at the network stuff. 195 00:14:06,111 --> 00:14:08,086 I don't think this is what I'm actually supposed to do. 196 00:14:09,249 --> 00:14:12,017 So, now I'm going to close it, 197 00:14:13,051 --> 00:14:14,373 or I'm going to go back. 198 00:14:16,779 --> 00:14:20,190 OK, now I'm going back to the, what they're asking me. 199 00:14:20,736 --> 00:14:22,921 "Does this computer need to use a proxy to access the Internet?" 200 00:14:23,339 --> 00:14:24,557 I think no. 201 00:14:26,157 --> 00:14:28,179 So I'm just going to continue. 202 00:14:29,357 --> 00:14:34,893 "Does your Internet Service Provider block or otherwise censor connections to the Tor network?" 203 00:14:35,416 --> 00:14:37,231 Not that I know of. 204 00:14:38,365 --> 00:14:40,833 OK. "If I'm unsure how to answer this question, choose No." 205 00:14:41,214 --> 00:14:43,000 OK, great. "Connect". 206 00:14:48,907 --> 00:14:50,370 And now I'm waiting. 207 00:14:51,676 --> 00:14:54,418 So what do you expect is happening now, based on what you see? 208 00:14:55,754 --> 00:15:00,732 I think they're establishing a connection to the Tor network based on, it says, 209 00:15:02,614 --> 00:15:05,567 "Please wait while we establish a connection". 210 00:15:05,990 --> 00:15:09,307 OK, so now, "Congratulations! Browser is configured to use Tor. 211 00:15:10,005 --> 00:15:12,553 You are now free to browse the Internet anonymously." 212 00:15:14,115 --> 00:15:15,841 "Test Tor Network Settings." 213 00:15:16,533 --> 00:15:18,589 I want to click on that, because it says "Test". 214 00:15:21,171 --> 00:15:24,294 "Congratulations. This browser is configured..." 215 00:15:24,953 --> 00:15:27,104 "Your IP address appears to be..." 216 00:15:28,895 --> 00:15:31,094 OK, I'm not going to donate right now. 217 00:15:31,961 --> 00:15:33,729 I'm going to go back, 218 00:15:34,515 --> 00:15:36,475 and now I'm going to see what I'm supposed to be doing. 219 00:15:36,863 --> 00:15:39,053 Oh, I checked that it was working. 220 00:15:42,697 --> 00:15:45,024 "Do a web search for 'onions'." 221 00:15:45,774 --> 00:15:48,067 So I'm just going to click in here, 222 00:15:48,518 --> 00:15:50,557 because it has a little magnifying glass, 223 00:15:51,008 --> 00:15:53,344 and I'm going to type "onions". 224 00:16:03,462 --> 00:16:05,006 Okay, that's good, you don't have to go any farther on that one... 225 00:16:05,528 --> 00:16:06,865 [Laughter.] OK. 226 00:16:07,753 --> 00:16:10,990 Is this, is what just happened, is that what you expected? 227 00:16:11,535 --> 00:16:13,191 Is there anything surprising about this? 228 00:16:14,201 --> 00:16:17,756 It's a tiny bit slow, but I know that 229 00:16:18,206 --> 00:16:20,359 because Tor is like bouncing off other things, 230 00:16:20,883 --> 00:16:25,442 that it's supposed to be a tiny bit slow, but it's not like uncomfortably slow. 231 00:16:27,456 --> 00:16:31,450 Somehow this, the fact, this somehow looks strange to me, 232 00:16:32,139 --> 00:16:37,744 and my initial reaction was Startpage, why are we at, why are they telling me that this is at Startpage? 233 00:16:38,616 --> 00:16:39,498 I don't know why. 234 00:16:40,024 --> 00:16:42,246 But OK, great. Startpage. 235 00:16:44,099 --> 00:16:44,499 OK. 236 00:16:46,993 --> 00:16:48,149 OK, then, 237 00:16:49,029 --> 00:16:49,847 All right, you can do the next one. 238 00:16:50,520 --> 00:16:53,035 The next one? OK. "Find a YouTube video for 'Ode to Joy'." 239 00:16:53,732 --> 00:16:58,398 I'm going to go... Initially I was confused if I should type it in here or in here. 240 00:16:59,126 --> 00:17:00,417 I'm just going to type it in here. 241 00:17:01,044 --> 00:17:05,191 I'm going to type in "youtube 'ode to joy'". 242 00:17:17,019 --> 00:17:19,138 OK. I see Beethoven, Ode to Joy. 243 00:17:21,651 --> 00:17:22,564 Should I click it? 244 00:17:23,117 --> 00:17:24,367 Yeah, go ahead through, go ahead through to it. 245 00:17:31,759 --> 00:17:33,909 "A plugin is needed to display this content." 246 00:17:34,585 --> 00:17:35,618 Oh, no. 247 00:17:42,766 --> 00:17:44,980 It's like a tiny bit slow maybe. 248 00:17:49,994 --> 00:17:51,124 Should I... 249 00:17:51,775 --> 00:17:53,597 And I wonder if I have any audio. Oh, there it goes. 250 00:17:58,067 --> 00:18:01,503 So explain to me what's going on now, if you notice anything unusual. 251 00:18:02,397 --> 00:18:10,021 OK, it's like starting and stopping, but my computer does that at home because I don't have a good Internet connection, 252 00:18:10,652 --> 00:18:13,289 so I'm just going to pause it, wait for it to load. 253 00:18:14,140 --> 00:18:17,105 And then it's saying, "Experiencing interruptions? Find out why." 254 00:18:17,484 --> 00:18:23,113 I don't really, I think it's just slow to load, so I'm just going to not find out why. 255 00:18:25,490 --> 00:18:29,307 I wonder if it will load. 256 00:18:31,825 --> 00:18:34,941 Now I'm going to press play again. 257 00:18:37,593 --> 00:18:39,201 Oh yeah, it is loading. 258 00:18:42,596 --> 00:18:47,108 OK. Good. And we're not going to watch through the whole video. 259 00:18:47,797 --> 00:18:49,007 OK. 260 00:18:51,712 --> 00:18:53,099 Good. Now, number 7. 261 00:18:54,354 --> 00:18:58,124 "Use 'New Identity' under the onion menu." 262 00:18:58,480 --> 00:19:02,786 OK, I think I'm going to go back... Oh. Then I see this onion 263 00:19:03,526 --> 00:19:05,259 and I'm going to click "New Identity". 264 00:19:06,515 --> 00:19:08,974 OK, so then it starts it over again? 265 00:19:09,673 --> 00:19:12,016 Right, so I want, explain what you think just happened. 266 00:19:13,048 --> 00:19:16,269 I think it basically like closed everything and then reopened. 267 00:19:17,900 --> 00:19:18,663 OK. 268 00:19:19,215 --> 00:19:25,500 Like, like, I think that it restarted a new, uh, connection. [Gesturing.] 269 00:19:26,339 --> 00:19:28,019 OK. [Laughter.] 270 00:19:29,226 --> 00:19:32,653 So that it wouldn't, no one would be able to see like, the fact that I, 271 00:19:33,436 --> 00:19:39,326 the same person had clicked on the series of, like, searched for "onions" and then "Ode to Joy". 272 00:19:40,491 --> 00:19:43,878 OK. So now, you saw the onion one. 273 00:19:44,498 --> 00:19:48,604 I want you to go through the toolbar, and you can explore them a little bit. 274 00:19:49,547 --> 00:19:53,260 Explain to me what each of these things means to you, what you think they control. 275 00:19:53,915 --> 00:19:55,172 Like from here to here? 276 00:19:55,653 --> 00:19:56,401 Yeah. 277 00:19:56,843 --> 00:20:01,051 Oh, OK. "Forbid Scripts Globally (advised)". 278 00:20:01,859 --> 00:20:04,892 I have no idea. 279 00:20:05,317 --> 00:20:07,000 "Forbid scripts". 280 00:20:07,499 --> 00:20:08,963 Should I click, can I click on it? 281 00:20:09,453 --> 00:20:10,480 Yeah, you can click on it. You can explore it. 282 00:20:11,269 --> 00:20:13,534 OK. I'm going to click on it. 283 00:20:14,025 --> 00:20:17,574 OK. Now I have a... 284 00:20:20,682 --> 00:20:29,421 OK. So maybe to be super secure you are forbidding, like, automatic scripts to run. 285 00:20:29,998 --> 00:20:31,630 I don't actually know what "scripts" means. 286 00:20:34,205 --> 00:20:38,118 But, there's a little... What's that thing called? 287 00:20:39,739 --> 00:20:41,298 I don't know what it's called either. 288 00:20:41,836 --> 00:20:45,944 Circle with a cross through it, which means that's not happening. 289 00:20:47,560 --> 00:20:51,520 OK. "Permanent 'Allow' commands in private windows". 290 00:20:52,612 --> 00:20:54,044 I don't know what that means either. 291 00:20:54,502 --> 00:20:56,255 "Options...". 292 00:20:58,462 --> 00:21:01,458 OK, this looks like advanced things. 293 00:21:02,461 --> 00:21:04,172 Oh, look, it's under "Advanced". [Laughter.] 294 00:21:07,037 --> 00:21:09,097 OK, so there's like general stuff, 295 00:21:11,109 --> 00:21:13,115 "Top-level sites by default". 296 00:21:14,510 --> 00:21:16,790 I just have no idea what any of this means. 297 00:21:17,417 --> 00:21:21,833 "Whitelist". OK, maybe like blacklist, but opposite? 298 00:21:22,632 --> 00:21:24,048 But I don't know what that means. 299 00:21:25,554 --> 00:21:28,505 "You can specify which web sites are allowed to execute scripts." 300 00:21:28,916 --> 00:21:32,789 OK, so maybe scripts are something that web sites automatically do. 301 00:21:36,936 --> 00:21:39,029 And you don't want them to. 302 00:21:42,617 --> 00:21:44,703 OK, so you could put... Oh, I get it. 303 00:21:45,273 --> 00:21:51,023 So these are the ones you would put in if you're like, OK, it's OK if these websites do whatever they want to do. 304 00:21:52,056 --> 00:21:53,807 "Embeddings". 305 00:21:59,367 --> 00:22:03,162 OK, these are just advanced ways of restricting untrusted sites, I believe. 306 00:22:03,963 --> 00:22:05,346 Like, that's what it says. 307 00:22:06,031 --> 00:22:07,550 "Appearance". 308 00:22:09,977 --> 00:22:11,887 "Status bar label", "Contextual menu"... 309 00:22:14,715 --> 00:22:16,508 OK. 310 00:22:17,402 --> 00:22:20,156 Lots of appearance things. 311 00:22:21,311 --> 00:22:25,089 I don't, I actually have no idea what most of these, I don't know really what this means at all. 312 00:22:26,394 --> 00:22:27,834 "Notifications". 313 00:22:28,471 --> 00:22:31,239 "Show messages about blocked scripts". OK, that makes sense. 314 00:22:31,882 --> 00:22:33,839 "Place messages at the bottom". 315 00:22:34,268 --> 00:22:36,730 I don't know what "XSS, question mark" means. 316 00:22:37,238 --> 00:22:40,881 "Show message about blocked M-E-T-A redirections". 317 00:22:41,682 --> 00:22:43,404 I don't know. 318 00:22:43,913 --> 00:22:46,038 OK, "Advanced". 319 00:22:46,467 --> 00:22:49,327 Other stuff I have no idea what it means. I'll just say... 320 00:22:50,797 --> 00:22:56,641 OK. If you could, what, if you could summarize your understanding of everything that's behind that button, what would it be? 321 00:22:57,416 --> 00:22:59,153 Advanced security settings. 322 00:22:59,561 --> 00:23:00,580 OK. 323 00:23:01,534 --> 00:23:05,566 Yeah. And then, should I go to this? 324 00:23:06,477 --> 00:23:07,295 Yeah, do the next one. Yeah. 325 00:23:07,855 --> 00:23:13,661 The onion... OK, so these also look like different settings. 326 00:23:14,469 --> 00:23:17,865 First one says "New Identity" and I already clicked on that 327 00:23:18,891 --> 00:23:20,721 so I sort of think I know what it means. 328 00:23:21,148 --> 00:23:25,628 "Cookie Protections". I sort of know what that means, too. 329 00:23:26,574 --> 00:23:29,371 I'll click on it to see what they then say. 330 00:23:31,428 --> 00:23:34,645 Oh, I... OK. "Remove all but protected..." 331 00:23:35,088 --> 00:23:37,183 "Protect New Cookies." "Do Not Protect New Cookies." 332 00:23:37,922 --> 00:23:41,892 That confuses me, because... "Prot—" 333 00:23:42,934 --> 00:23:46,419 Because I think I would want to... "Prot—" What? 334 00:23:47,282 --> 00:23:49,220 Protect new cookies from what? 335 00:23:49,703 --> 00:23:53,170 "Do Not Protect New Cook—". I don't know. I'm getting confused. 336 00:23:55,821 --> 00:23:57,269 Like, OK. 337 00:23:57,711 --> 00:24:00,230 "Do Not Protect New Cookies". 338 00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:04,325 I don't know. OK. I'm going to click OK. 339 00:24:08,397 --> 00:24:10,505 OK. "Preferences". 340 00:24:13,509 --> 00:24:18,796 OK. So, if I want to use proxy settings, 341 00:24:19,757 --> 00:24:23,287 and more security settings. 342 00:24:23,987 --> 00:24:26,626 "Don't record browsing history or website..." 343 00:24:27,209 --> 00:24:28,719 "Disable browser plugins...", 344 00:24:29,221 --> 00:24:30,724 "Restrict third-party cookies...", OK. 345 00:24:31,582 --> 00:24:34,700 "Change details that distinguish you from other Tor...", OK. 346 00:24:37,775 --> 00:24:41,368 Do you know of any reason, from reading those options, why you would go to this screen? 347 00:24:42,257 --> 00:24:43,643 Would you have a reason to? 348 00:24:44,738 --> 00:24:52,920 Um, if you don't want your browser history to be... 349 00:24:53,538 --> 00:24:56,416 "Don't record browser history..." Wait. 350 00:24:58,446 --> 00:25:00,207 Now I'm also getting... 351 00:25:00,682 --> 00:25:06,858 I was going to say, if you don't want your browser history to be recorded, but this says 352 00:25:07,499 --> 00:25:11,239 "Don't record browser history". Oh, OK, yeah. So if you click it then... 353 00:25:13,602 --> 00:25:15,577 "Don't record browser history". 354 00:25:17,210 --> 00:25:19,401 Oh, OK, so then, oh I get it. 355 00:25:19,916 --> 00:25:22,696 So yeah, you're in the private browsing mode. 356 00:25:23,827 --> 00:25:26,603 So if you don't want, if you're researching Iran, 357 00:25:27,276 --> 00:25:31,605 and you are searching a bunch of things, you don't want the government, or whoever, 358 00:25:33,107 --> 00:25:37,913 to be skeptical of your purposes for researching Iran, 359 00:25:38,378 --> 00:25:42,874 then you can just search through private browsing mode. 360 00:25:50,141 --> 00:25:51,940 I don't really know about the other ones. 361 00:25:52,375 --> 00:25:57,031 "Restrict third-party cookies", "Change details that distinguish you from other Tor Browser users"... 362 00:25:58,318 --> 00:26:03,709 Oh, if you want to remain anonymous within your searching, I guess. 363 00:26:04,895 --> 00:26:05,976 OK. 364 00:26:06,521 --> 00:26:10,763 OK. So if you could summarize, what do you think that onion button is for, in general? 365 00:26:11,881 --> 00:26:14,983 366 00:26:17,659 --> 00:26:22,603 Oh, the onion as a whole. Like, maintaining anonym—, anon— [Laughter.] 367 00:26:23,663 --> 00:26:24,554 Yeah, anony— 368 00:26:25,141 --> 00:26:26,405 Anonymity. 369 00:26:26,959 --> 00:26:30,251 That word! Yeah, wow. Oh my gosh. 370 00:26:30,671 --> 00:26:34,864 Yeah, and like the settings of your Tor Browser, I guess. 371 00:26:35,800 --> 00:26:36,963 OK. 372 00:26:37,588 --> 00:26:41,077 And the rest of the things in the top here, what, 373 00:26:41,451 --> 00:26:44,448 some of them may be more familiar, but what do you, what does each of them do? 374 00:26:46,643 --> 00:26:50,818 I would think that you can like type in a web address here. 375 00:26:51,673 --> 00:26:52,818 OK. 376 00:26:53,394 --> 00:26:56,963 And refresh, "Reload current page", 377 00:26:57,554 --> 00:27:01,848 and then search for something with this little magnifying glass, 378 00:27:02,458 --> 00:27:07,160 or the Startpage. Or, search, I guess, using the Startpage. 379 00:27:12,061 --> 00:27:16,164 And the, one more here, do you know what this one does? 380 00:27:16,916 --> 00:27:22,844 I don't know. 381 00:27:23,823 --> 00:27:24,839 Oh, OK. Yeah. 382 00:27:26,385 --> 00:27:32,714 "Print", "Save", "New Window", "Bookmarks", "History", "Find", 383 00:27:33,079 --> 00:27:36,741 "Developer", "Add-ons", "Preferences", "Downloads"... 384 00:27:38,877 --> 00:27:41,296 Yeah. 385 00:27:41,914 --> 00:27:44,166 Like all the general... 386 00:27:44,663 --> 00:27:45,740 Sure, right right. 387 00:27:47,271 --> 00:27:48,326 OK. That's the very last task.