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Now I am going to do a short example of cognitive walkthrough on a non-related piece of software
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just to give you an idea of what we are looking for.
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So the task I have for this cognitive walkthrough
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is to open a painting program and draw a red hexagon.
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So I am looking at the screen right now.
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I am trying to see what options are available to me.
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Nothing looks like it is exactly a painting icon.
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So I'm not exactly sure where to click.
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I probably would go for this, but on second thought,
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I want this magnifying glass because that usually gets me some results.
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Let's try "paint".
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And that looks like pretty likely so I am going to choose that one.
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All right, now it is asking me,
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it looks like its asking me how big it wants the image to be.
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I'm wondering at this point whether I will be able to change this decision later.
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It doesn't say whether I will be able to undo this, but I think that what it is will be fine.
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So I'm just going to ignore that and click okay.
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And the window changed size. I assume that means it changed to the size that I just entered.
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All right, so I need to make this red. This definitely looks like color selection so I will try that.
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It is giving me a bunch of options for color.
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"Strawberry"... is not quite what I want.
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Maybe "Maraschino".
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Now, I am seeing if there is a tool that will draw shapes like a hexagon.
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This says "Rectangle" and if I click on it, it looks like it is only rectangles.
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"Ellipse". That's no good. "Rounded Rectangle"?
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So I think I might have to draw my own hexagon.
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I am going to click on a paintbrush. That's the tool I want to use.
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No, wait! The line tool is better.
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All right, so I am going to draw a line by clicking and going over here and click again.
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And... that's not what I wanted.
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So, I was expecting it to draw a line between those two points but that didn't happen.
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So I am going to undo that.
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And this time, I am going to try dragging.
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Okay, and that does what I want.
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So, okay, I got the hang of this. This is pretty easy.
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I wonder if there is a way to auto-close this shape, but I don't feel like actually looking for it,
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so I am just going to manually link this up.
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And now, I know from other paint programs that usually a paint bucket will fill something in, so we will try that.
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Okay, and that did what I expected. It filled in the red area.
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All right, so that's a cognitive walkthrough. That's an example of how we're going to do it.
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Now I'm going to ask you to do another demonstration. This one will not be using the software that we're testing.
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Oops. That's not what I expected.
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But just to let you have practice at doing this.
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So your task is to use a web browser and find out the population of Zimbabwe. So go ahead.
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Looking at the desktop, I see the common ribbon across the bottom
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with two popular web browsers, Saf—, Chrome and Firefox. And I am a die-hard Chrome addict,
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so I double-click Chrome to launch that.
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Chrome is prompting me to sign in and this isn't a computer I trust, so I'm not going to sign in.
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Instead in, I am going to type in the URL bar, "https slash slash google dot com".
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I like to run all of my searches over—
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Oh, and I get as far as typing in "https g", and the browser selects, or, suggests Google for me,
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so I am going to take that suggestion.
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I now have the search bar in the middle and I type in "population of"...
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And I get as far as typing in "population of zi" and it selects "population of zimbabwe".
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I am going to go with the "I'm feeling lucky" suggestion, not even letting it complete the year,
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and it gives me a handy-dandy bar—or, graph sourced from Wikipedia
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which tells me that the 2013 population of Zimbabwe was 14.15 million.
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Okay, great. Excellent. I think you have really got the hang of it.
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Thank you. And, Command-Q to close the browser when I am done.
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Good.
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Which does what I expect.
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There may be some points during this where there is some down time. Where I am going to ask you do download some software.
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Sure.
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So while it's going on, I encourage you to, you know, look and see what you can see on the screen and just describe what you see.
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In order to fill up some of that time and make good use of it.
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Okay.
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So, now we are going to begin the real experiment.
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I am going to have you... You're going to be testing a piece of software called Tor Browser
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which is a special web browser that has... that is used for anonymity purposes.
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And this is the list of tasks that you are going to do.
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Okay.
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And do these in the way that you would normally do them, if you were going to follow these steps at home.
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Okay. So...
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Do you have any other questions before we begin?
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No, I'm good.
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So, first instruction is to download Tor. So I am going to fire up Chrome again.
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And I actually know that Chrome will just allow me to type searches in the search bar,
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so I am going to type in "tor mac download".
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And that gives me some suggestions. I pick the first one.
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Which takes me to "Download Tor" from www.torproject.com, or .org. That looks like a reasonably reputable site.
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It's an HTTPS site.
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I have a warning about wanting to do things differently so I am just going to pop that open in a new tab...
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No. I clicked on that wrong... Pop that open in a new tab.
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And in the mean time, I am going to hit the "Download Tor Browser" button.
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So that is a 40-meg download.
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I'm going to go read the warnings about things that I should and shouldn't do on Tor.
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Because I am assuming that I want to have maximum security so, follow all of the warnings, make sure I don't do this wrong.
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Okay. Seven and a half megs of download to go.
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All right, in the meantime, I am going to...
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pop open a new tab and read about "tor onions".
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And again, that tells, takes me to the Tor Project webpage.
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Ooh, I have a "hidden wiki" for Tor onion URLs.
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That looks like I might want to open that up and read more about that.
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And pop open another tab and type "tor onions" again because there were a lot more links
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so I am going to read the Wikipedia page on Tor as well.
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It tells me it's a network for preserving anonymity and resisting censorship.
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Okay, here's the table of contents... Okay. This appears to be a slightly more historical and theoretical document.
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So I am going to go back to the Tor Project. In another tab.
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And click the "Documentation" link.
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And have a look at the "Installing Tor on Mac OS X".
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Okay. It tells me it wants me... this is the compile-it-yourself version.
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And the recommended way is to use the Tor Browser Bundle. Which I think I am downloading.
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Yep. I am downloading still.
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But I am just curious what other stuff... Okay. Well there's definitely a suggestion on configuring your application to use Tor.
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So I should probably keep that tab open.
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Okay! my download appears to have completed so I am going to let Chrome open the disk image.
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It is verifying right now.
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Mounting the disk.
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Drag Tor Browser Bundle into Applications.
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Okay. Copying... 95 megs.
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All right.
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And Shift key, pop open my applications,
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and there is Tor Browser.
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"'TorBrowser' can't be opened because it's from an unidentified developer."
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Grr! I express some frustration at this fact.
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[Laughter.]
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[Sighs.] And, Shift-U,
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I tend to actually, when I am changing quarantine bits,
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rather than turning off quarantine checking on the entire system, I just remove the quarantine bit.
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So, I go to "cd slash Applications",
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"ls minus l",
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"Tor Browser". Excellent.
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There is my Tor Browser. So I, uh, is it... "chattr"?
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"chflags", "d", "com dot apple dot quarantine Tor Browser".
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Argh. It's "chattr".
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Okay, it doesn't want to let me do that which means I need to go to the System Preferences, unfortunately.
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Mmhmm. And we will just undo anything that you do, so don't worry about it.
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Okay. It wanted me to do something again... I forgot what. Warning says,
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"Security preferences", okay.
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Okay... "Security & Privacy"... "General"?
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Ah, here we go. "Open Anyway"! Click the lock to make the changes.
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Uh, it's "password" on this computer.
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Okay, let's see if I can do that from an identified developer.
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Actually, I am going to say open that anyway. Let's see what happens.
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Maybe I don't have to open up my system too much.
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I see the bouncy Chrome browser, or browser ball.
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It's verifying. Waiting, waiting.
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Okay, so yes. I want to open Tor Browser.
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Okay, I now have a dialogue that asks me to configure my Tor settings.
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If I am connecting directly to the Tor network or if my computer is censored or proxied somehow.
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Looking at this, I would almost actually choose the censor or proxy mode, just because I work in computers
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and I know that my work network actually filters Tor...
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And I may have heard stories on the news about various consumer ISPs also filtering traffic.
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But! I am tempted to go with censored, but I am going to try the easy, "this will work in most suggestions—most situations" choice
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and just connect directly.
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Okay, connecting. It is telling me it is doing stuff. Loading network status...
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Pausing a little bit?
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Okay, I can close the System Preferences now.
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And, while it is doing its thing, I am just going to go back to reading the instructions about Tor.
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Okay, cool. Tor seems to have loaded.
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"Congratulations, this browser is configured to use Tor"
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and the first link it gives me is a "Test for Network Settings" so I am going to click that.
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Which gets me as far as step 3.
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Right.
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This is definitely not nearly as fast as regular Internet.
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I see you have NoScript loaded.
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Okay, great, the browser is configured to use Tor correctly.
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So now that I have Tor running, I am going to use the default searches inside the Tor Browser, so that appears to be Startpage, and
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I am going to type in "onions".
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I am going to pop open a new tab, and in that new tab, I am going to see if anybody talks about YouTube over Tor,
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just because I think that maybe not all sites on the Internet are going to work correctly when Tor is in use.
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Okay, so... back to Startpage, it gives me lots of stuff about onion foods.
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Not so much about Tor onions.
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Okay, good. We actually just needed, wanted the search here.
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But. You may go ahead and do an additional search if you want.
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I just put in "onions" and "tor" into the search bar to see if that tells me more stuff.
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And okay, there are a whole lot more results here now.
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There's a Reddit link, there is a second search called "Hidden Wiki"
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which gives me a URL that is line noise dot onion, and that looks like something interesting to click on.
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And I click on it in the background.
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Ooh, here is a link on the "youtube over tor" search that I did called "Watching YouTube over the TOR network" from Ubuntu Forums.
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That looks like that might be helpful if I am trying to find videos on YouTube.
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Some people complain that it doesn't always work.
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Uh...
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Okay, not seeing a huge amount of warnings right away that tells me that it shouldn't work.
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I am going to open a new private window though inside the Tor Browser, because, just on the assumption that I might be searching for controversial videos,
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so I am going to, you know, dispose of all of my cookies and tracking information and then go to "https youtube", "youtube dot com" in my new private window.
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And it tells me I am viewing YouTube in English, that is cool. So it's not routing me through Kazakhstan.
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Let me see if I can type in "ode to joy" in the search bar, in YouTube.
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Okay. There's a whole bunch of... now I...
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Stupid Google. I don't want to look at your ads.
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[Laughter.]
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Okay, so I clicked on the first one.
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Hmm. "Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to the use of our cookies." says YouTube.
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Well, fine. I guess I can accept that because I am running in a private browsing window
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and my cookies will be destroyed after this session anyway. So...
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That was not the video I clicked on. This is somebody's channel.
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"A plugin is need to display"...
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Oh, okay, it loaded, I guess it fell back to HTML5.
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And you have you have the little plugin warning up in my... about bar. But...
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Okay, this takes a while. I am just going to go to my settings, okay.
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I can't reduce quality on the video any so I guess I am just kind of stuck waiting.
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It is curious that this session is giving me YouTube in German. So... I guess this particular connection has routed me through Germany.
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Which could get kind of annoying, so I am going to pop open a new tab in the same private browsing window
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and go to "www dot google dot com slash n c r" which is "no country redirect".
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And that will set a cookie in that session to use English US.
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So. Now I am waiting for my flash mob YouTube video to load. I am just pausing the video playback to let it buffer.
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Doesn't seem to be winning, so...
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You don't need to watch the whole thing, but just enough to get an experience of it.
200
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This is just like T-Mobile!
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[Laughter.]
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Okay, so that is... Yep, I wish to close both of those tabs. Okay.
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Good.
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Now back to my onion menu. Okay, where is the onion menu on Tor Browser?
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There's the Tor Browser... Here's a little coffee cup... What if I click on the coffee cup?
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Clicking on the coffee cup doesn't do anything.
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Um, "Options"? No. That is the... that's just the launcher options.
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Okay. "Tor Browser Preferences". That is not what I was looking for.
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Well, let's find Tor.
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"TorBrowser - ux", "TorBrowser"... Okay, that's my Tor Browser.
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Hmm, okay. "Tools". Those are Firefox tools, it looks like.
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Which... HTTPS Everywhere settings...
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"Use 'New Identity' under the onion menu." Hm. Okay.
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Let me type in "onion" in the search bar and... nope.
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That gives me Wikipedia links for onions and dictionary definitions for the onions
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and Bing searches and foods, but...
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That... okay. Let me go back to the Tor docs.
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But actually, if I am being all paranoid and stuff, I am going to close out my Chrome tab and go back again...
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And I am going to type in this new search tab, "osx tor onion settings".
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Let me see if that...
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That takes me back to the Tor Project Mac OS X install instructions. So that looks like something I want to read some more.
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Okay. "Verify download".
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00:20:59,808 --> 00:21:06,132
Okay, so I'm going to look at the Tor FAQ entry for "Tor doesn't work".
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Tor seems to be working, but it's not entirely clear to me where all my Tor settings are.
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Let me go into System Preferences, maybe there is a... maybe there is a preference in there.
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"tor". Nope. No system preferences for "tor".
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"onion". No, no system preferences for "onion" either.
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Searching for "tor".
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And now I've got TorBrowser and TorBrowser but no other settings.
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Hm. "Tor Browser Bundle".
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Let me look at the Torify HOWTO. Maybe that will tell me.
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Okay.
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Tells me all about setting up proxy and SOCKS.
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"Do not mix modes of anonymity"... "Tor over Tor"... "Software updaters"...
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I think not. Uh...
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Ooh! Tor manuals. Let's see if there is one of those for OS X.
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"Configuring manually", "Configuring a relay". That looks like that might be useful.
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No, that's for Debian. Doesn't say for Mac. Okay.
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Let's back up a little bit and "osx tor settings" in Startpage search.
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That's the... Tor Browser Bundle...
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Okay... "Why use Tor" on a Mac, "What Tor can and cannot do".
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Okay, step 1, "Install the Tor Browser Bundle".
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Step 2, "Configure Tor to use the..." Tor...
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Okay, so it is telling me to do something with Vidalia.
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"vidalia".
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Nope, that gives me links to Georgia and songs on iTunes.
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Tor Browser...
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Okay, hm...
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00:24:12,432 --> 00:24:20,182
Well, this page on the Internet tells me that in version 3.5 of the Tor Browser Bundle, "About"...
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and I have something definitely newer than 3.5. They bundled Vidalia right into it, and...
251
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Clicking around to see... How to I open new...?
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Okay, so this tells me that I am going to have to start looking in "torrc settings"?
253
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Let's see what happens if I type "tor browser bundle new circuit".
254
00:25:15,727 --> 00:25:29,119
Okay, so I clicked on the link to Stack Exchange, that says how do I switch a, to a new circuit?
255
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"Tools". "View"...
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Hm. "'New Identity' under the—under the onion menu."
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Hm. I feel like I am...
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Oh, hey! There's the onion menu. That was not obviously defined at all!
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Okay. Cool. Now that I found the New Identity in the onion menu, I will click that.
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It closed all of my windows and it gave me a "your browser is connected to Tor", and...
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00:26:10,711 --> 00:26:23,625
Okay, I went to 165.254 something, as my IP address. I am going to go "New Identity" again, close my window, and I am going to test my settings.
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And it gave me 104.131, so I believe that maybe the New Identity is... actually tearing down my circuit and giving me a different exit node. Awesome.
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"Cookie Preferences". Hmm.
264
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Alright well, I am going to go to "www dot", oh, who's full of cookies...
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"gawker dot com". They're totally going to give me cookies and stuff.
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[Laughter.]
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And maybe, yeah... yahoo.com while I am at it.
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Now I should have a whole bunch of cookies.
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So if I go to Cookie Protections,
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I don't see any cookies in there. I guess that's cool.
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Let me go to Tor Browser Preferences. And go to "Privacy".
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I am going to click "Content" and then to go to
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I am looking for all of the cookies and stuff in here.
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Da da daaa...
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"General"... "Tabs", "Content"... Let's see what's up...
276
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That's pop-up exceptions, that's fonts and colors...
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"Privacy". "Learn More".
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00:28:08,750 --> 00:28:11,826
Okay... it's not quite what I wanted to have happen.
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Anyway, "Cookie Preferences".
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Let's see. I am going to click the "Protect New Cookies" button and see what happens.
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"www.google.com/ncr". Because that should set a cookie.
282
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Okay, and then what happens if I go to Cookie Protections? Hm. Still no cookies.
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Not sure what that does for me then.
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"Preferences".
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00:28:50,325 --> 00:28:56,799
Okay, this is the usual Firefox preferences that I would expect.
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I am not going to mess with those any.
287
00:29:00,065 --> 00:29:03,561
Okay. I see that it's got private browsing turned on.
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Turns off all of the plugins, which is good.
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Restricts all the third-party cookies, and I guess spoofs... spoofs browser settings.
290
00:29:13,525 --> 00:29:19,236
Which is actually... I am going to type in "what is my useragent".
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Just to see what my browser identifies itself as.
292
00:29:25,204 --> 00:29:30,772
And! There we go. whatismyuseragent.com.
293
00:29:31,344 --> 00:29:45,548
And it tells me that I am probably using "Mozilla 5.0 Windows NT 6.1 Gecko Firefox".
294
00:29:45,548 --> 00:29:48,758
Sure, why not. This doesn't look anything like this Mac full of nuclear secrets! Awesome.
295
00:29:49,423 --> 00:29:49,922
[Laughter.]
296
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Sounds awesome.
297
00:29:53,556 --> 00:29:56,135
Okay. And open network settings.
298
00:29:56,135 --> 00:30:02,902
Ah! And this probably lets me to change the thing I selected at the beginning
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about needing to go through a firewall or proxy or some sort of censorship thing. So.
300
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I am just going to turn those on and...
301
00:30:13,463 --> 00:30:20,247
Okay. I am going to turn off the proxy because I don't know that, I don't know what my proxy settings are, let's say.
302
00:30:20,247 --> 00:30:27,576
So I am just going to say that I am on a network that only allow 80 and 443. And my ISP tries to block Tor.
303
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I am going to go like that and then I am going to go New Identity which seems like a reasonable guess to make Tor do the things.
304
00:30:38,589 --> 00:30:42,069
And... do the Tor network check.
305
00:30:42,674 --> 00:30:50,548
I got a new IP address, so that's cool. Seems to have worked without any hassle to me.
306
00:30:51,782 --> 00:30:58,557
"Network Settings". Yep, network settings are still back the way that I left them. I am using only 80 and 443.
307
00:31:01,034 --> 00:31:09,839
Good, and so finally, just go along the toolbar and give a summary of what you think each UI element does, in the top part of the browser here.
308
00:31:10,345 --> 00:31:21,144
Okay, so this is the good old NoScript, and it is set to block all JavaScript right now. Which is cool.
309
00:31:22,202 --> 00:31:29,430
It appears to be just like the NoScript I run in my browser, so no surprises there.
310
00:31:29,430 --> 00:31:37,276
Now that I finally recognize the little green onion, I see that's the Tor menu and that tells me,
311
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or that gives me control over the Tor module itself.
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I can tear down circuits, I can tell what I want it to do with cookies,
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configure all the other details.
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I didn't click on the "About", but I guess that tells me what version I am running if I have to file a bug report.
315
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It also lets me change the network settings.
316
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I've got the usual sort of tabbed browsing experience and I can click the little plus to open up all kinds of new tabs.
317
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I've got the usual sort of omnibox where I can either type in any URL that I want to browse to or I can type in a search string.
318
00:32:18,209 --> 00:32:27,803
And if I type in "search string", it sends me to startpage.com which seems to be the browser's default search provider,
319
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as is shown in the little search tool,
320
00:32:33,698 --> 00:32:37,602
and I have a selection of other search engines I could use...
321
00:32:38,301 --> 00:32:44,220
Startpage is the default for some reason, there is also DuckDuckGo, Google, Amazon, Bing,
322
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I guess they get progressively worse as you go down the list.
323
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[Laughter.]
324
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And then the typical Firefox settings menu.
325
00:32:55,003 --> 00:33:05,335
I didn't play with HTTPS Everywhere. But it seems to be set up to force HTTPS wherever possible.
326
00:33:09,229 --> 00:33:09,903
Great, that is the end!
327
00:33:10,384 --> 00:33:10,784
Okay.